1. Variables
🔹 A variable is like a labeled box in your computer’s memory. You can store different types of data inside it — like numbers, words, or lists — and use them later in your program.
🔹 In Python, you don't have to mention the type of data you're storing. Python automatically understands it based on the value.
✅ For example:
name = "Alice"
age = 25
🟢 Here, name is storing the text "Alice", which is called a
string.
🟢 age is storing the number 25, which is an
integer.
🔸 You can use these variables later in your program like this:
print("Name:", name)
print("Age:", age)
This will output:
Name: Alice
Age: 25
2. Operators
Operators are symbols used to perform actions on variables and values — like adding numbers or comparing them.
- Arithmetic Operators (math):
+-*/%**// - Assignment Operators:
=+=-=etc. - Comparison Operators:
==!=><>=<= - Logical Operators:
andornot - Bitwise Operators:
&|^~<<>>
✅ Example: Add two numbers and store the result:
sum = 10 + 5
Now sum will hold the value 15.
3. Expressions
An expression is a combination of variables, values, and operators that Python evaluates (solves) to produce a result.
✅ Example: Calculating the total cost:
total = price * quantity + tax
Here, the expression on the right side of = is solved
first, and the result is stored in total.
4. Statements
A statement is a complete instruction that Python can understand and run. Examples include:
- Assignment statement (e.g.,
x = 5) - Conditional statement (e.g.,
if) - Loop statement (e.g.,
for,while) - Function definition (e.g.,
def my_function():)
✅ Example: Checking a score:
if score >= 90:
print("Excellent")
This is an if statement that prints "Excellent" if the score is 90 or more.